Current evidence points to overlaps between behavioral and substance-related addictions in phenomenology, epidemiology, comorbidity, neurobiological mechanisms, genetic contributions, responses to treatments, and prevention efforts. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of behavioral addictions, describes treatment considerations, and addresses future directions. At present, only gambling disorder has been placed in this category, with insufficient data for other proposed behavioral addictions to justify their inclusion. Growing evidence suggests that these behaviors warrant consideration as nonsubstance or “behavioral” addictions and has led to the newly introduced diagnostic category “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders” in DSM-5. Addiction professionals and the public are recognizing that certain nonsubstance behaviors-such as gambling, Internet use, video-game playing, sex, eating, and shopping-bear resemblance to alcohol and drug dependence.